Consensus & Mining
Intermediate
What is
Атака 51%?
Атака 51% — сценарий, когда атакующий контролирует большинство хешрейта и может пытаться переписать недавнюю историю (двойная трата).
В PoW‑сетях контроль большинства хешрейта позволяет атакующему с большей вероятностью строить более «длинную» цепочку и отменять недавние транзакции. На практике такие атаки дороги, и чем выше и распределённее хешрейт, тем сложнее атака.
Key Points
- Требует контроля значительной доли хешрейта
- Риск двойной траты и реорганизаций
- Дорого и сложнее при высоком распределённом хешрейте
- Защиты: подтверждения, финальность по времени, мониторинг
Use Cases
1
Модель угроз для бирж и крупных переводов
2
Оценка безопасности PoW‑сетей
3
Политика подтверждений для платежей
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Frequently Asked Questions
Questions about Атака 51%
Common questions about this topic
How to get started with Ergo?
Start by getting a wallet (Nautilus for browser, Terminus for mobile). Back up your seed phrase securely offline. Get some ERG from an exchange (Gate.io, KuCoin) or DEX (Spectrum). Make a test transaction. Then explore: try DeFi on Spectrum, check out NFTs, or dive into the technology if you're a builder.
How-to
Getting Started
Is Ergo a good investment?
This is not financial advice. Ergo has strong fundamentals: fair launch (no VC dump risk), innovative technology (eUTXO, Sigma Protocols, NiPoPoWs), active development, and a cypherpunk ethos. It's a smaller market cap project with higher risk/reward than established chains. Research thoroughly, understand the technology, and never invest more than you can afford to lose.
Comparison
Getting Started
How do NFTs work on Ergo?
Ergo NFTs are native tokens with quantity of 1, making each unique. Unlike Ethereum where NFTs need smart contracts, Ergo NFTs are first-class protocol citizens. Mint for minimal fees (~0.001 ERG), trade on SkyHarbor marketplace, and enjoy full eUTXO security. NFTs can include rich metadata and royalties.
Explainer
Technology
How do miners earn money on Ergo?
Ergo miners earn from three sources: block rewards (newly minted ERG), transaction fees, and storage rent. Block rewards decrease over time according to the emission schedule, but storage rent ensures long-term income even after all ERG is mined. Most miners use pools for consistent payouts.
How-to
Mining